An innovative approach to nitrogen fertilisation
With the 'Farm to Fork' strategy at the heart of the Green Deal, the European Union has embarked on a course of action that aims, among other measures, to reduce by 2030 the nutrient losses occurring in the environment due to the excessive use of chemical fertilisers by at least 50%; this will involve reducing the use of fertilisers by at least 20%. In this context, worsened, moreover, by strong climate change and unstable commodity prices, it is more necessary than ever to review the fertilisation of agricultural crops with an innovative and sustainable approach with the aim of maximising the plant's ability to assimilate nutrients, especially nitrogen.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth, due to the high amount used, and is the most abundant gas in the earth's atmosphere, of which it makes up about 78%. In gaseous form, nitrogen cannot be absorbed directly by the plant, which in nature must instead make use of the nitrogen present in the soil. Within the soil, the plant's ability to assimilate nitrogen varies depending on its availability in the circulating solution; the share of absorbable nitrogen is limited and subject to loss or immobilisation of various kinds: percolation and/or leaching, adsorption to the surfaces of clays and organic matter, volatilisation, etc